Title: The butterfly effect: Conservation easements, climate change, and invasive species
Abstract: This article explains that one of the consequences of climate change will be migrations of species from their native habitats to newer habitats, typically to the north, with climates similar to those in which such species evolved. These in-migrating species will in many cases be invasive, forcing the native species to out-migrate or be driven to extinction, thereby causing biodiversity loss. As many of these disrupted ecosystems may be protected by perpetual conservation easements, the Article discusses the negative legal consequences of incursions by non-native species on these existing conservation easements. Accordingly, the Article suggests a number of changes that can be made to future conservation easements to help insure their protection of land in perpetuity and to better protect species and their habitats from the effects of climate change-caused migrations. [James L. Olmsted (2011). The butterfly effect: Conservation easements, climate change, and invasive species. Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review. 38(1):41, 2011.